• The “Bilingual” Cippi of Malta Translated in Alphabetic Akkadian (499 BCE)

    Author(s):
    David Olmsted (see profile)
    Date:
    2021
    Group(s):
    Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean archaeology, Alphabetic Akkadian, Phoenician Studies
    Subject(s):
    Akkadians, Religions, Mediterranean Region, History, Ancient
    Item Type:
    Online publication
    Tag(s):
    malta, cippi, Jacques Barthélemy, drought, Akkadian, Ancient Mediterranean religions
    Permanent URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.17613/1y4z-1094
    Abstract:
    The early claim that these two cippi are bilingual in Greek and Phoenician is shown to be false. Therefore, these texts cannot be used as the basis to understand the non-attested language of Phoenician. This historical fraud originated with Jacques Barthélemy (1716-1795). Phoenician is a letter style of Alphabetic Akkadian and not a language. Alphabetic Akkadian was the empire language of the area before it was replaced by Greek and Latin. The letter styles on these cippi are Maltese, Phoenician-influenced Maltese, and Greek Island. The two Greek Island style texts blame a drought on the inappropriate mixing of the two power classes of the Ancient Pagan Paradigm which is typical of temple texts in that letter style. In contrast the Maltese text on the cippus still in Malta blames the drought on both the astrological powers and the life-growth powers. The Phoenician influenced Maltese text in the Louvre blames the full moon god Su while holding blameless the emotion and astrological power classes of the motion powers. Deities mentioned in the two Maltese texts are: Su (full moon god), Opener (goddess Utu), Baker (god Yahu), Yahu (manifestation god), and Thesu (wind goddess). Deities mentioned in the two Greek Island texts are: Revealer (Yahu) Reed-Boat (Ayu), Ayu, Su, Shepherd (Su), and Alu (life-growth power source god). Of all the letter styles so far examined the Maltese style is closest to that of the Philistines
    Metadata:
    xml
    Status:
    Published
    Last Updated:
    2 years ago
    License:
    Attribution-ShareAlike

    Downloads

    Item Name: pdf olmsted-2021-cippi-of-malta.pdf
      Download View in browser
    Activity: Downloads: 46

    Back to Deposits